mRNA Synthesis Custom Order

mRNA synthesis, also known as in vitro transcription (IVT), is commonly used to synthesize mRNA for specific genes or to make RNA molecules for research purposes. IVT is a process of producing gene RNA by combining RNA polymerase with various elements required for transcription.

1. Cap:

• Cap consists of a specific nucleotide located at the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA.
• Cap is an essential element for protecting mRNA, increasing translation efficiency, and regulating immune responses.
• Cap-0: It consists of a unique nucleotide called 7-methylguanino (m7G) at the 5’ end of mRNA.
• Cap-1: In addition to Cap-0, it refers to a structure in which the 2’-OH group of the first nucleotide is replaced with a methyl group.

2. 5’ & 3’ Untranslated Region (UTR):

• UTR refers to the untranslated region of mRNA. UTRs are located at the 5' end (5' UTR) and 3' end (3' UTR) of mRNA and play an important role in regulating translation efficiency, stability, and localization of mRNA.
• 5' UTR: Located at the 5' end of the mRNA molecule, preceding the coding region (CDS). The 5' UTR performs the following functions:
• Translation initiation: The translation initiation complex (eIF4F) binds to determine where translation begins.
• Modulation of translation efficiency: Certain structural elements within a UTR can increase or decrease translation efficiency.
• Regulation of mRNA stability: Certain structural elements within the UTR can increase or decrease the stability of the mRNA.
• 3' UTR: Located at the 3' end of the mRNA molecule, after the coding region (CDS). The 3' UTR performs the following functions:
• Regulation of mRNA stability: Certain structural elements present within the UTR can increase or decrease the stability of the mRNA.
• Regulation of mRNA localization: Specific structural elements can regulate the movement of mRNA to specific locations within the cell.
• Post-translational regulation: Specific elements within the UTR can regulate the degradation, modification, and transport of mRNA after protein translation.

3. Coding Region Sequence (CDS):

• CDS is the core part that contains genetic information and is the basic unit of protein expression. CDS is expressed as a protein through transcription and translation processes.
• mRNA consists of four bases (A, U, C, G), and three base sequences (codons) code for specific amino acids. It generally consists of a continuous codon sequence starting with a start codon (ATG) and ending with a stop codon (TAA, TAG, TGA). This contiguous codon sequence is also called Open Reading Frame (ORF).
• CDS can design DNA sequences based on desired protein sequences and synthesize desired DNA sequences through gene synthesis technology.

4. Poly(A) tail:

• It refers to a tail in which adenine (A) nucleotides are continuously connected at the 3' end of mRNA.
• The poly(A) tail protects mRNA from nuclease (RNA-degrading enzyme), preventing degradation of mRNA and increasing its stability.

Q1: What is IVT Optimization and why is it necessary?

IVT Optimization is the process of redesigning DNA template sequences to maximize In Vitro Transcription (IVT) process efficiency and in vivo mRNA stability while maintaining the target amino acid sequence. It is a core process technology that goes beyond simple expression enhancement to ensure the production of high-purity, high-yield mRNA for vaccines and therapeutics.

Why Optimization is Needed:

1. T7 Polymerase Processability:
• T7 RNA polymerase can cause Premature Termination upon encountering consecutive T sequences (Poly-T) or Slippage at consecutive G sequences (Poly-G), resulting in incomplete mRNA or byproducts.
• IVTDesigner™ fundamentally removes these "production-hindering sequences" to maximize the yield of full-length mRNA.
2. Balancing mRNA Structural Stability & Translation Efficiency:
   • mRNA requires a stable global structure (Low MFE) for storage stability, but the 5' end where ribosomes bind must remain unstructured for efficient translation.
   • IVTDesigner™ employs a Dual Structure Control strategy to satisfy these conflicting thermodynamic requirements simultaneously.
3. Reduced Immunogenicity:
   • Exogenous mRNA can trigger innate immune responses via sensors like TLRs and RIG-I, reducing efficacy.
   • Safety is ensured by minimizing sequences that form double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and reducing immuno-stimulatory motifs like CpG/UpA.

Benefits of IVTDesigner™ Optimization:

• High-Purity mRNA Production: Secures GMP-level quality by eliminating error-prone sequences.
• Maximized Protein Expression: Increases translation efficiency via 5' UTR optimization and improved Codon Adaptation Index (CAI).
• Enhanced Safety: Removes risk factors (dsRNA, CpG) that trigger innate immune responses.

Q2: Can I get mRNA optimization services using IVTDesigner™?

Yes. Bioneer provides customized sequence optimization services for mRNA vaccine and therapeutic development using our proprietary IVTDesigner™.

To request the service, please send the following information to mrnaorder@bioneer.co.kr:

1. DNA or Protein Sequence: Target sequence (CDS). Stop codon optimization is included if DNA is provided.
2. Target Organism: The host where the mRNA will be translated (e.g., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus).
3. UTR & Poly-A Options: Selection from our high-efficiency UTR library, custom UTR sequences, or specification of Poly-A tail length.
4. Optimization Goal:
   • Maximize: Maximize protein expression and mRNA stability (Default).
   • Targeting: Customize for specific GC content (%) or CAI values (e.g., for attenuated vaccines).

Q3: What is IVTDesigner™

IVTDesigner™ is Bioneer's next-generation sequence design platform specialized for mRNA synthesis. Combining high-performance Genetic Algorithms with a Numba JIT-based high-speed RNA structure prediction engine, it performs Multi-Objective Optimization to reduce manufacturing defect rates and enhance biological efficacy.

Notably, it employs a proprietary Integrated Structural Strategy to generate structurally stable seed candidates from the very beginning. This technology derives optimal sequences through a four-step algorithm:

1. Viterbi Global Optimization: Searches for globally optimal paths considering Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) and GC content.
2. Local Repair: Removes local instability factors (Bad Motifs) and excessive structural formations.
3. Convergent Stabilizer: Iteratively scans and swaps codons to converge structural stability (MFE) towards the target GC content.
4. 5' RNAInverse: Loosens the structure at the 5' end to enhance translation efficiency.

Q4: What are the differences between conventional codon optimization and IVTDesigner™?

While conventional methods focus primarily on increasing in vivo protein expression (CAI optimization), IVTDesigner™ prioritizes the physical constraints of the mRNA manufacturing process (IVT) and in vivo safety.

Key Differentiators:

1. T7 Process Safety:
• It strictly enforces Hard Filters to block Poly-T (≥8nt) and Poly-G (≥6nt) sequences, which cause IVT failure, while also penalizing moderate repeats (≥5nt) to ensure process stability.
2. Precise Immunogenicity Control:
• Beyond simple codon matching, it precisely detects and removes Inverted Repeats (dsRNA) capable of stimulating immune sensors like RIG-I, and minimizes CpG/UpA dinucleotides.
3. Structural Flexibility:
• It applies Local MFE Control, ensuring global mRNA stability (High GC, Low Energy) while preventing structural folding in the critical 5' start region (first 40bp). This is achieved through the Integrated Strategy, combining Viterbi algorithms with Convergent Repair techniques.
4. Diversity via Clustering:
• Instead of a single result, it uses K-Means Clustering to provide the Top 8 Candidate Clusters with distinct structural characteristics, enabling researchers to screen for the candidate that best fits their experimental needs.

Experience high-quality mRNA with maximized expression and stability via IVTDesigner™'s sophisticated structural optimization.

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During mRNA synthesis via in vitro transcription (IVT), the presence of strong secondary structures, extreme GC content, and consecutive homopolymers within the sequence can hinder the progression of T7 RNA Polymerase, leading to premature termination or a decrease in yield.

UTRDesigner™ is an innovative, AI-based platform that goes beyond simple codon optimization. It seamlessly integrates the de novo design and sequence assembly of the untranslated regions (5' & 3' UTRs) at both ends of the mRNA with the CDS (Coding Sequence). This approach not only maximizes the success rate of IVT synthesis but also dramatically enhances translation efficiency and mRNA stability when introduced into cells.

Q1: How does the UTR optimization of UTRDesigner™ relate to the IVT synthesis success rate?

The 5' and 3' UTRs of mRNA are critical regions that determine protein expression and in vivo stability. However, if the sequences in these regions become overly complex and entangled, it can cause fatal errors during the IVT synthesis process.

UTRDesigner™ applies strict T7 Polymerase Safety Constraints within its algorithm to fundamentally block synthesis failures:

• Prevention of Premature Termination: It suppresses consecutive 'T' sequences (Poly-T tracts of 7 or more) that halt transcription.
• Prevention of Polymerase Slippage & G-Quadruplexes: It automatically detects and breaks down consecutive 'G' sequences (Poly-G tracts of 5 or more) and complex internal repeats that interfere with synthesis.
• Tissue/Objective-Specific UTR Generation: Through the LBS-IM (Lookahead Beam Search + Interaction Map) algorithm, it does not merely reuse existing UTRs. Instead, it generates de novo UTRs with the optimal length and structure tailored to your specific goals, such as maximizing expression or extending half-life (stability).

Q2: How does UTRDesigner™ analyze and optimize the secondary structure?

For smooth protein synthesis, the pathway where the ribosome binds and scans along the mRNA must be structurally open. UTRDesigner™ is equipped with a Hybrid RNA Folding Engine (Zuker & LinearFold) to perform highly precise, region-specific structural optimization:

• Securing 5' Cap and Kozak Accessibility: It prevents the formation of strong hairpin structures in the first 30 nucleotides at the 5' end and the region surrounding the Start Codon (AUG) (-20 to +20). (It monitors the Minimum Free Energy (MFE) density to open up closed structures that would impede ribosome scanning).
• 3' Poly(A) Signal Optimization: It adjusts the sequence so that the Poly(A) signal (e.g., AATAAA) within the 3' UTR is positioned in an open loop rather than buried in a stem structure, thereby increasing polyadenylation efficiency.
• Adaptive Junction Repair: It analyzes the junction between the UTR and CDS, where structural conflicts occur most frequently. If the structure is tangled, it intelligently inserts synonymous codon mutations and a 3~18nt long 'structural spacer/insulator' to create a flawless connection.

Q3: Does it perform codon optimization of the CDS simultaneously with UTR optimization?

Yes, alongside UTR optimization, UTRDesigner™ simultaneously performs state-of-the-art Multi-Objective Codon Optimization for the CDS:

• GA-based CAI and GC Optimization: It utilizes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) for the target species (host cell) or match a specific target value, while adjusting the GC content to a stable range (typically 50~60%).
• Bicodon and Structural Penalty Integration: It reflects Codon Pair Bias (CPB), which affects translation speed. When altering a codon, it calculates real-time penalty weights to ensure the change does not adversely affect the overall secondary structure or synthesis safety, selecting the most optimal codon.
• Restriction Enzyme and Motif Avoidance: It perfectly removes restriction enzyme sites that interfere with cloning, as well as any forbidden motifs specified by the designer, across the entire CDS and UTRs.

Q4: Are there any unique biological filtering features in UTRDesigner™ to maximize protein expression?

Moving beyond simple sequence arrangement, UTRDesigner™ automates powerful features based on RNA biology:

• Removal of Upstream Start Codons (uAUG): Unwanted translation start sites (uAUG) in the 5' UTR, especially those paired with a strong Kozak sequence, can hijack ribosomes and disrupt normal protein expression. UTRDesigner™ detects and safely removes these.
• miRNA Target Avoidance (miRBase Integration): It prevents the generation of major miRNA seed sequences of the target species (e.g., Human) in the UTR, thereby preventing the mRNA from being degraded or its translation being repressed (gene silencing) within the cell.
• Minimizing Immunogenicity: It detects TLR/RIG-I receptor-stimulating motifs, excessive CpG/UpA dinucleotide ratios, and long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) regions that can trigger in vivo inflammatory responses, actively minimizing the immunogenicity score.
• Removal of RNA Destabilizing Motifs: It scans for and eliminates AU-rich elements (AREs, e.g., ATTTA) from the 3' UTR that promote mRNA degradation, drastically extending the in vivo half-life of the transcript.

※ Generate optimal, custom UTRs that push ribosome loading (RLS) and translation initiation efficiency to the absolute limit, leveraging UTRDesigner™'s advanced LBS (Lookahead Beam Search)-based de novo design technology (Coming Soon).

While circular RNA boasts significantly higher in vivo stability compared to linear mRNA, the processes of synthesizing it via IVT (In Vitro Transcription) and accurately circularizing and translating it are much more complex. CircularDesigner™ automatically resolves these challenges using a proprietary Genetic Algorithm and RNA folding engine.

Detailed optimization processes and principles can be found in the Q&A below.

Q1: I've heard that circular RNA has a high failure rate during IVT synthesis and circularization. How does CircularDesigner™ solve this problem?

The biggest hurdles in circular RNA production are T7 polymerase detachment and the disruption of self-splicing structures. CircularDesigner™ fundamentally blocks physical errors from the synthesis stage right through to circularization.

• Overcoming T7 Polymerase Limitations (Preventing Slippage & Termination): The algorithm automatically detects Poly-T, Poly-G, and Poly-A sequences that cause the polymerase to slip or prematurely terminate transcription during IVT. It replaces them with synonymous codons without altering the amino acid sequence, thereby maximizing synthesis yield.
• Automatic Smart Spacer Generation: To stably form the P1 Stem structure essential for circularization via the PIE (Permuted Intron-Exon) system, it automatically designs optimal homology arm spacers that are orthogonal (non-interfering) to the CDS (Coding Sequence).
• Self-Cleaving Ribozyme Optimization: When using 5' Hammerhead and 3' HDV ribozymes to obtain clean RNA ends, it calculates binding energies to insulate the sequences, ensuring the CDS does not interfere with the structural formation of the ribozymes.

Q2: Unlike conventional linear mRNA, what kind of codon optimization is required to increase the translation efficiency of circular RNA?

Because circular RNA lacks a 5' Cap structure, it relies entirely on an IRES (Internal Ribosome Entry Site) to initiate translation. Therefore, it requires circular-specific optimization along with general codon optimization (CAI, GC ratio).

• Host-Specific Codon Optimization (CAI Optimization): It maximizes protein expression by converting the sequence to the most frequently used codons in the target species (e.g., Human, Mouse).
• Preventing Rolling Circle Translation: Due to the nature of circular RNA, there is a risk that ribosomes will fail to stop and instead continuously rotate, producing abnormal proteins. To completely block this, CircularDesigner™ automatically inserts a robust 'Multi-frame Stop Cassette' (e.g., TAATGATAG) that works across all three reading frames at the end of the CDS.
• IRES-CDS Linker Optimization: It provides customized linker sequences that minimize steric hindrance, allowing the ribosome to dock at the optimal position depending on the selected IRES type (e.g., CVB3, EMCV).

Q3: I've heard that if the secondary structure of a sequence is too strong, it won't express. How is the structural evaluation conducted?

If a strong hairpin structure forms within the sequence, it can block ribosome movement or cause a loss of IRES function. CircularDesigner™ resolves this using a powerful Minimum Free Energy (MFE)-based secondary structure prediction algorithm.

• Preserving IRES Integrity (Structure-Aware Matching): To ensure the CDS sequence does not alter the unique 3D folding structure of the IRES, it calculates the hybridization energy at the IRES-CDS junction and selects final candidates that exhibit no mutual interference.
• Avoiding Co-transcriptional Traps: It simulates the phenomenon where RNA gets trapped in incorrect transient structures during synthesis, screening only for sequences that can ultimately fold into a perfect circular RNA structure.
• Removing Repeat Sequences: It identifies complex repeat sequences (tandem repeats, inverted repeats) within the base sequence and modifies them with synonymous codons to reduce sequence complexity and enhance expression stability.

Q4: Is it also possible to design safe circular RNAs that do not trigger an immune response when injected in vivo?

Yes, it is possible. Exogenous circular RNAs can be mistaken for viruses inside cells, potentially triggering a strong immune response. CircularDesigner™ minimizes in vivo immune risks through its built-in 'Advanced Immunogenicity Analysis' module.

• Avoiding Immunogenic Motifs: It precisely monitors and minimizes the ratio of U-rich sequences that stimulate TLR7/8 and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides that stimulate TLR9.
• Suppressing Long Double-Stranded RNA (dsRNA):It predicts the formation of long dsRNA structures that stimulate RIG-I and MDA5 immune sensors, and induces those sequences to unwind into a single-stranded form.
• Preventing RBP Sponge Effects: To prevent circular RNA from acting like a sponge and absorbing crucial cellular RNA-binding proteins (RBPs)—which can cause cytotoxicity—the algorithm actively blocks the formation of multiple known high-risk RBP binding motifs (e.g., specific miRNA seeds) within the sequence.

※ Design circular RNAs that completely block splicing interference and maximize circularization yield, powered by CircularDesigner™'s sophisticated PIE system spacer design and P1 stem structure optimization algorithms (Coming Soon).

Q1. How is SaRNADesigner™ different and special compared to standard mRNA optimization (IVTDesigner)?

While standard mRNA design focuses on T7 in vitro transcription (IVT) and translation efficiency for single-structured molecules, SaRNADesigner™is an advanced AI algorithm that fully controls the complex biological properties of saRNAs, which are massive in size (over 10 kb) and self-replicate within cells.

• Flawless saRNA Backbone Integration:It features a built-in database of verified viral replicon backbones, including VEEV(TC-83), SINV, SFV, RRV, and CHIKV. Beyond simply inserting the gene of interest (GOI), it actively designs the GOI sequence to match its surrounding environment, preventing conflicts with the backbone's non-structural proteins (nsP1-4) and replication mechanisms.
• Simultaneous Optimization of Replication and Expression: It simultaneously optimizes not only IVT efficiency but also the amplification process driven by RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) after intracellular delivery, as well as the protein translation process via the subgenomic promoter (SGP).

Q2. How does SaRNADesigner™ resolve structural issues that degrade saRNA synthesis (IVT) and intracellular replication efficiency?

Massive saRNAs are prone to bottlenecks during synthesis and replication. SaRNADesigner™ proactively removes these obstacles through a "structural scanning and multi-control system."

• CSE Interference Prevention (CSE Exclusion Zone): The algorithm predicts occurrences where the GOI hybridizes with the Conserved Sequence Elements (CSE) responsible for saRNA backbone replication—which would otherwise disrupt the replication machinery. It modifies the GOI sequence to fundamentally block interactions with the CSE.
• Replication Highway Polish: Excessively rigid secondary structures (Deep MFE Valleys, e.g., -28.0 kcal/mol or lower) can halt replication by the RdRp enzyme. By utilizing a sliding window approach, it identifies these physical barriers and locally loosens the structure.
• Dual-Strand Locking Prevention: saRNA generates a negative strand as an intermediate. If Cytosine (C) is excessively concentrated on the positive strand, a strong G-quadruplex structure can form during negative strand synthesis, potentially halting replication. The algorithm detects this and disperses C-rich codons.
• Removal of T7 IVT Failure Factors (Common): Similar to standard mRNA, it strictly removes consecutive Poly-T (7 or more), Poly-G (5 or more) tracts, and strong hairpin structures that cause the T7 polymerase to drop off or slip, ensuring the synthesis of full-length saRNAs.

Q3: How is codon optimization performed to maximize protein expression and evade innate immune responses?

Because it is difficult to use 100% modified nucleosides (e.g., N1-methylpseudouridine) in saRNA like in standard mRNA (since it uses standard nucleotides during self-replication), optimizing the "pure sequence itself" to evade immune responses is essential.

• U-Depletion (Uridine Minimization) Algorithm: Uridine (U) in saRNA strongly stimulates innate immune sensors like TLR7/8 inside cells. SaRNADesigner™ maintains the exact amino acid sequence while radically lowering the U ratio below a target threshold (e.g., under 18%) through synonymous codon substitution, thereby minimizing immunogenicity.
• Host-Specific CAI Optimization (Common): Based on the codon usage data of the target host (Human, CHO, etc.), it maximizes the Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) to increase translation speed and accuracy.
• Cryptic SGP Removal: If a sequence resembling the subgenomic promoter (SGP) accidentally exists within the inserted gene, transcription may initiate at unintended locations, producing truncated, surplus RNA. The algorithm uses fuzzy matching to scan for and remove these.
• miRNA Avoidance: By integrating miRBase data for the target cells, it identifies and avoids regions that match host cell miRNA seed sequences. This prevents the saRNA from being degraded in the cell and extends its half-life.

Q4: How can I customize SaRNADesigner™ to fit my research goals, and how can I review the results?

It provides fine-grained settings tailored to your project's characteristics, along with intuitive result reports.

• User-Defined Backbone and Target GC: You can directly select the saRNA backbone for your research (e.g., VEEV_TC83, SINV_HRSP) and either specify the target GC ratio for your gene or let the system automatically set the optimal GC ratio based on the host species.
• Cloning Enzyme Site Avoidance (Common): You can configure it to ensure that restriction enzyme sites used for plasmid vector construction are not generated within the optimized sequence (supports templates like GoldenGate and Gibson Assembly).
• Payload-Centric In-Depth Reports: saRNAs are challenging to analyze due to their immense length. Once optimization is complete, SaRNADesigner™ accurately isolates the "optimized target gene (CDS) region" from the massive backbone sequence. It then provides an intuitive, visual HTML report detailing the codon usage, GC content trends, and MFE structure (including RNAplot SVGs) specifically for the target gene region.

※ Experience self-amplifying RNAs engineered to minimize innate immune responses and maximize replicon amplification efficiency through SaRNADesigner™'s proprietary CSE (Conserved Sequence Element) structural interference prediction and U-depletion technologies (Coming Soon).

The ability to produce large quantities of customized mRNA through in vitro transcription (IVT) allows it to be used for a variety of purposes across a range of applications:

• 1. mRNA vaccine development: This is the fastest growing area with IVT. mRNA encoding viral antigens (foreign molecules that trigger an immune response) can be produced quickly and efficiently through IVT. These mRNA vaccines instruct cells to produce antigens, stimulating the immune system to develop immunity without introducing the entire virus. This method offers several advantages:
  • Faster development: Compared to traditional vaccines, mRNA vaccines can be designed and manufactured much faster and are advantageous for responding to emerging infectious diseases.
  • Safety: Because they do not contain live virus, mRNA vaccines are generally considered safe with minimal side effects.
  • Versatility: mRNA platforms can be easily adapted to target a variety of pathogens by simply modifying the encoded antigen sequence.
• 2. Gene therapy: IVT has tremendous potential to develop new gene therapies for a variety of genetic diseases.
• 3. Protein production: Synthetic mRNA can be used for large-scale production of specific proteins in cell-free systems. Applications include:
  • Research applications: Studying protein function, protein-protein interactions, or drug discovery.
  • Production of difficult-to-obtain proteins: Certain proteins may be difficult to isolate from natural sources or may require complex purification processes. IVT provides an alternative way to obtain these proteins for research or therapeutic purposes.
• 4. Other potential applications: mRNA has additional potential uses in fields such as:
  • Tissue engineering: Stimulating tissue regeneration by delivering mRNA coding for specific growth factors or proteins.
  • Cell reprogramming: Using mRNA to induce changes in cell fate or identity for regenerative medicine applications.
  • Cancer immunotherapy: Designing mRNA vaccines to target cancer antigens or deliver immunostimulatory molecules.

Access the Bioneer homepage (eng.bioneer.com), log in, and follow the form specified on the mRNA synthesis custom order page for Capping, UTR, Poly(A) tail. Please select the availability and type, fill in the Coding Region Sequence, etc. and submit. After confirmation, you will receive detailed guidance on mRNA synthesis.

The optimal RNA transcript size for mRNA synthesis service is 100 to 5,000 nt. If you require a length other than this, service will be provided after consultation.

Template DNA Samples must be sent in a volume of 10 μl or more (at least 1 μg of DNA) at a concentration of 100 to 200 ng/μl.

Please accurately enter your organization and client name in the box, and deliver the sample through the affiliated delivery company below.

Sending address: Bioneer Co., Ltd., 8-11 Munpyeongseo-ro, Daedeok-gu, 34302 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

Shipping costs: We are responsible for the cost regardless of the number of templates. If the service becomes difficult due to incorrect sample delivery, 50% of the final billing amount will be charged as a set-up charge. When delivering samples, please be sure to check and send carefully.

Gene synthesis of CDS and UTR is possible through our Gene synthesis service.

It's possible. For further information, please contact mrnaorder@bioneer.co.kr.

For 5’ Cap, you can choose Cap-0 or Cap-1. The 3’ poly(A) tail can be selected as 111 nt (105 nt poly-A with 6 nt linker in the middle).

Custom 5’ or 3’ UTR modification is possible. Alternatively, you can choose Bioneer 5’ or 3’ UTR.

If you would like to manufacture RNA-LNP in conjunction with the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) service, please contact us.

The synthesized mRNA is provided in a freeze-dried state, and electrophoresis results and absorbance measurement results using Nanodrop are included.