1 kb DNA Ladder

Ladders products are recommended to be stored at -20°C.

If there is no contamination such as nuclease, the performance will be maintained for 6 months at room temperature. In order to increase the performance stability, please store it in a refrigerator.

Repetitive freezing and defrosting can deteriorate the product's performance, so it is recommended to freeze the ladders right away after receiving them.

No, our Ladder products maintain their performance for about 6 months at room temperature, so there is no problem in use.

However, to maintain the same performance of the product within the expiration date, please keep it frozen as soon as possible.

It indicates whether tracking dye is included in the ladder, to make it distinguishable, we are indicating dye included product as Dye, and excluded as -Dye.

Tracking dye does not stain the actual DNA but only gives color to the sample to facilitate loading and to determine the location of DNA during electrophoresis.

To check the DNA band using a transilluminator, a detection dye must be used, we recommend GreenStar™ Nucleic Acid Staining Solution (#C-9036).

The Dye included in the Ladder is a tracking dye that contains bromophenol blue, xylene, and cyanol FF components. For the dye content, please refer to the product manual ‘Storage Buffer’.

Yes, you need to use a separate detection dye to check the DNA band using a transilluminator. Please use, GreenStar™ Nucleic Acid Staining Solution (#C-9036).

No, we do not sell DNA Ladder products containing detection dye.

All three products have the same DNA size, but there is a difference depending on the concentration and whether or not dye is included.

• D-1040: This is a highly concentrated product.
• D-1040-1: A low-concentration product. This product facilitates electrophoresis by increasing the loading volume per well.
• D-1042: It is a product that does not contain a dye, and has a higher concentration than D-1040 in anticipation that the user will include the dye directly.

This is a phenomenon caused by the effect of fluorescent dye on DNA mobility during electrophoresis using pre-casting method.

We suggest the following three trouble shotting.

1. We recommend using less than 20 ng of DNA and 2 ul per well.
2. Similar symptoms may occur even if the pH of the TAE buffer used for electrophoresis is not correct, so it is recommended to check the pH of the buffer that you are using.
3. It is recommended to experiment with the post-staining method.
   

   • Information on the two methods of use can be found through the link on the GreenStar™ Nucleic Acid Staining Solution page.

   • Pre-casting method: Frequently asked questions tab - When using the pre-casting method Q1.

   • Post-staining method: Frequently asked questions tab – When using the post-staining method Q1.

※ If the problem does not solved, please contact ss@bioneer.co.kr

If the DNA size and concentration of the agarose gel do not match, DNA separation may not be sufficiently performed.

Please refer to the table below and use the appropriate concentration of agarose gel.

Also, DNA may not be separated correctly due to insufficient electrophoresis time, please conduct electrophoresis for a sufficient amount of time, as long as the sample does not pass through the agarose gel.

Fig 1. Agarose gel concentration for resolving linear DNA molecules.

* Introduction to Agarose and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Matrices with Respect to Their Detection Sensitivities

The recommended usage is based on the use of EtBr, a different usage is required depending on the detection dye or transilluminator that is recently used.

Also, please check the composition and pH of the TAE and TBE buffers.

This problem can occur if the gel was manufactured or stored incorrectly. Since fluorescent dyes are produced as substitutes for EtBr, it has a nature that fluorescent substances decompose by light.

Therefore, while adding a dye while producing a gel, it can decrease clarity over time.

If the size of the nucleic acid is small, we recommend to use TBE buffer rather than TAE buffer.

The ladder consists of linear DNA, so accurate size comparison is possible in the linear form.

Also, Plasmid DNA is extracted by Open Circular/Linear/Supercoiled, in order to check the exact size, we recommend enzyme cutting.

Two buffers have differences depending on the purpose and characteristics of use.

TAE Buffer	TBE Buffer
Contains Tris, Acetic acid, EDTA	Contains Tris, Boric acid, EDTA
When the DNA molecular weight is large (size of 12 kb or more)	When the DNA molecular weight is small (size of 1 kb or less)
low ionic strength	high ionic strength
Buffering capacity is low, and cannot be used multiple times ※ When the voltage used for electrophoresis is 5 V/cm (5 V per 1 cm distance between both electrodes) or less, a clear DNA band can be obtained. * There is a slight difference in the voltage used for each device.	High buffering capacity, can be used multiple times
Buffer replacement required for long-term electrophoresis	Relatively less heat is generated, so it can be used for a long time compared to TAE Buffer
※ DNA Elution Method: TAE Buffer is recommended as borate plays a role in interfering ※ DNA Sequencing: TBE Buffer is recommended due to its high buffering capacity and low conductivity ※ Role of EDTA: Preventing DNA degradation by DNase inhibition, maintaining (-) charge of DNA required for electrophoresis

TBE Buffer contains boric acid (borate), and if it is manufactured at 5X or more, crystallization occurs when the temperature is below room temperature.

For this reason, TBE Buffer is recommended to use as soon as possible upon arrival.

As single-stranded RNA and DNA have different electric charges, the running time is different even with the same length.

DNA markers can be used to determine the approximate size, but to determine the exact size, RNA-exclusive markers should be used.